Formica
Ant genus · 238 species · 48 countries
- Genus
- Formica
- Subfamily
- Formicinae
- Tribe
- Formicini
- Distribution
- Found in 48 countries
- Colony form
- polygynous, monogynous, optionally polygynous, oligogynous
- Nuptial flight
- Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug
- Species count
- 238 species (56 fossil)
About Formica
Formica is a genus within the family Formicidae , classified in the subfamily Formicinae (tribe Formicini) . AntScout currently documents 238 species in this genus, distributed across 48 countries , including Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria.
Species in this genus exhibit polygynous and monogynous and optionally polygynous and oligogynous colony structures. Monogynous colonies have a single reproductive queen, making them straightforward to start from a single founding queen - ideal for beginner ant keepers. Polygynous colonies can host multiple queens, allowing for rapid colony growth.
Nuptial flights of Formica species have been recorded during: Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug. These flights are when new queens and males leave the nest to mate - the best time to find a founding queen in the wild.
Where Formica Is Found
Species in this genus are documented in 48 countries:
Frequently Asked Questions
How many species does Formica have?
The genus Formica includes 238 species documented on AntScout, spread across 48 countries. 56 of these are fossil species.
Where do Formica ants live?
Formica species are found in 48 countries , including Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria. Distribution varies by species - check individual species pages for precise range maps.
When do Formica ants have their nuptial flight?
Nuptial flights of Formica species have been observed in Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug. This is the best time to find a founding queen in the wild. Use the AntScout flight calendar for species-specific predictions.
Can I buy Formica ants?
Formica ants may be available from ant dealers depending on your region. Some species are popular in the hobby and regularly sold as founding queens or small colonies. Check local antkeeping communities or specialty shops in your country.
Are Formica ants good for beginners?
This depends on the specific species. Some Formica species are beginner-friendly with straightforward care requirements, while others may need specific conditions. Browse the individual species profiles below for care difficulty and requirements.
All Formica Species (238)
Click a species to view its full profile, including distribution map, care information, nuptial flight calendar, and identification photos.
- Formica accreta 2 countries polygynous
- Formica adamsi Adams' Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica adelungi
- Formica aerata Grey Field Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica alsatica Fossil
- Formica altayensis
- Formica altipetens 2 countries monogynous
- Formica anatolica 1 country monogynous
- Formica annosa Fossil
- Formica aquilonia Scottish Wood Ant 10 countries polygynous
- Formica arcana Fossil
- Formica archboldi Skull-collecting Ant 1 country monogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica argentea Silvery Field Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica aserva 2 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica aseta
- Formica aterrima
- Formica auxillacensis Fossil
- Formica bauckhorni Fossil
- Formica biamoensis Fossil
- Formica biophilica Wilson’s Field Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica bradleyi Bradley's Field Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica breviscapa
- Formica browni 1 country
- Formica bruni 5 countries polygynous
- Formica brunneonitida monogynous
- Formica buphthalma Fossil
- Formica calviceps 1 country monogynous
- Formica canadensis Canadian Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica candida 8 countries polygynous
- Formica cantalica Fossil
- Formica caucasicola
- Formica ceps Fossil
- Formica ciliata Hairy Mound Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica cinerea 15 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica cinereofusca polygynous
- Formica clara 24 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica clarissima 1 country monogynousoligogynous
- Formica cockerelli Fossil 1 country
- Formica coloradensis Colorado Mound Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica comata 1 country monogynous
- Formica corsica 1 country monogynous
- Formica creightoni Creighton's Slavemaking Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica criniventris 1 country monogynous
- Formica cunicularia 14 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica curiosa Curious Mound Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica dachaidanensis
- Formica dakotensis Dakota Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica decipiens 3 countries
- Formica demersa Fossil 1 country
- Formica densiventris Compact Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica difficilis 2 countries monogynous
- Formica dirksi
- Formica dolosa Wily Field Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica draven monogynous
- Formica dusmeti 2 countries monogynous
- Formica emeryi Emery's Mound Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica eoptera Fossil
- Formica exsecta Narrow-headed Wood Ant 14 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica exsectoides Allegheny Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica fennica 2 countries monogynous
- Formica ferocula 1 country monogynous
- Formica flavifemoralis Fossil
- Formica flori Fossil 1 country
- Formica foreli 10 countries polygynous
- Formica foreliana 2 countries monogynous
- Formica forsslundi 4 countries monogynousoligogynous
- Formica fossaceps Pitted Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica francoeuri Francoeur's Field Ant 2 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica frontalis 3 countries monogynous
- Formica fukaii 1 country monogynous
- Formica fusca 16 countries monogynouspolygynousoligogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica fuscocinerea 5 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica gagates 11 countries monogynousoligogynous
- Formica gagatoides 8 countries monogynouspolygynousoligogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica georgica 4 countries monogynous
- Formica gerardi 3 countries monogynous
- Formica glabridorsis 1 country monogynous
- Formica glacialis Icy Mound Ant 2 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica glauca 3 countries monogynousoligogynous
- Formica globiventris Fossil
- Formica gnava 2 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica grandis Fossil 1 country
- Formica gravelyi
- Formica gravida Fossil 1 country
- Formica gustawi Fossil
- Formica gynocrates Wickerwork Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica hayashi 2 countries monogynous
- Formica helvetica 1 country polygynous
- Formica heteroptera Fossil
- Formica hewitti Hewitt's Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica horrida Fossil
- Formica immersa Fossil 1 country
- Formica impexa 2 countries monogynous
- Formica incerta Uncertain Field Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica indianensis monogynous
- Formica integra Eastern Mound Ant 2 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica integroides Western Mound Ant 3 countries monogynous
- Formica japonica Japanese Wood Ant 3 countries polygynous
- Formica kashmirica
- Formica knighti 1 country
- Formica kozlovi 1 country monogynous
- Formica kupyanskayae polygynous
- Formica kutscheri Fossil
- Formica laeviceps 1 country monogynous
- Formica lasioides 2 countries monogynous
- Formica latinodosa Fossil
- Formica lavateri 1 country
- Formica lemani 14 countries monogynouspolygynousoligogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica lepida 1 country monogynous
- Formica limata 2 countries monogynous
- Formica linquensis Fossil
- Formica liogaster monogynous
- Formica liopthalma
- Formica litoralis 2 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica longiceps monogynous
- Formica longicollis Fossil
- Formica longipilosa 2 countries monogynous
- Formica lugubris Hairy Wood Ant 9 countries monogynouspolygynousoligogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica luteola Fossil
- Formica macrognatha Fossil
- Formica macrophthalma Fossil
- Formica maculipennis Fossil
- Formica manchu 2 countries polygynous
- Formica manni Mann's Field Ant 1 country monogynous
- Formica martynovi Fossil
- Formica maura 2 countries monogynous
- Formica mesasiatica monogynous
- Formica microgyna 3 countries monogynous
- Formica microphthalma 1 country
- Formica miniocca
- Formica moki 2 countries monogynous
- Formica montana Prairie Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica morsei 1 country
- Formica mucescens 1 country monogynous
- Formica mutinensis
- Formica mytara
- Formica neoclara Bright Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica neogagates New World Black Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica neorufibarbis New World Red Bearded Ant 2 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica nepticula 2 countries monogynous
- Formica nevadensis 1 country monogynous
- Formica obscura Fossil
- Formica obscuripes Western Thatching Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica obscuriventris Northern Red Wood Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica obsidiana
- Formica obtecta Fossil
- Formica obtusopilosa Blunt-haired Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica obvoluta Fossil
- Formica occulta 1 country monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica oculata Fossil
- Formica opaciventris 1 country polygynous
- Formica orangea 5 countries monogynous
- Formica orbata Fossil
- Formica oreas Hill Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica oregonensis Oregon Field Ant 1 country
- Formica ovala Fossil
- Formica pachucana 1 country
- Formica pacifica Pacific Field Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica palaeopolonica Fossil
- Formica paleosibirica Fossil
- Formica pallidefulva Variable Field Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica pamirica 3 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica paralugubris 3 countries polygynous
- Formica parexsecta Fossil
- Formica pergandei Pergande's Mound Ant 2 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica perpilosa 2 countries monogynous
- Formica persica 1 country monogynous
- Formica phaethusa Fossil
- Formica picea Black Bog Ant 13 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica pisarskii 1 country monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica pitoni Fossil
- Formica planipilis Flat-haired Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica podzolica Podzol Ant 2 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica polyctena 12 countries polygynous
- Formica postoculata 1 country
- Formica pratensis Black-backed meadow ant 16 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica pressilabris 12 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica primitiva Fossil 1 country
- Formica primordialis Fossil 1 country
- Formica procera Fossil 1 country
- Formica prociliata 1 country
- Formica propatula 1 country
- Formica propinqua 1 country polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica puberula 2 countries monogynous
- Formica pulchella Fossil
- Formica pulla 1 country
- Formica pyrenaea 3 countries monogynous
- Formica quadrata Fossil
- Formica querquetulana 1 country monogynous
- Formica radchenkoi Fossil
- Formica ravida Isabelline Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica reflexa Bent-haired Mound Ant 2 countries
- Formica retecta 2 countries
- Formica ribbeckei Fossil
- Formica robusta Fossil 1 country
- Formica rubicunda Ruddy Slave-making Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica rufa Southern Wood Ant 17 countries polygynous
- Formica rufibarbis Red-barbed Ant 21 countries monogynousoligogynous
- Formica rufolucida
- Formica sanguinea Blood-red Field Ant 18 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica scitula
- Formica selysi 3 countries monogynouspolygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica sentschuensis
- Formica sepulta Fossil 1 country
- Formica serresi Fossil
- Formica seuberti Fossil
- Formica sibylla 2 countries monogynous
- Formica sinensis 1 country monogynous
- Formica spatulata 2 countries monogynous
- Formica strangulata Fossil
- Formica subaenescens Light Bronze Mound Ant 2 countries polygynous
- Formica subcyanea 1 country
- Formica subelongata 1 country monogynous
- Formica subintegra 2 countries monogynous
- Formica subnitens 2 countries monogynous
- Formica subpilosa 7 countries monogynousoligogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica subpolita 3 countries monogynous
- Formica subsericea Silky Field Ant 2 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica suecica 5 countries monogynous
- Formica surinamensis Fossil
- Formica talbotae 1 country
- Formica tarimica 1 country
- Formica tianshanica 2 countries monogynous
- Formica tibetana monogynous
- Formica transmontanis 2 countries monogynous
- Formica tripartita Fossil
- Formica truncorum 14 countries monogynouspolygynousoligogynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica ulkei Ulke's Mound Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica ungeri 1 country
- Formica uralensis 8 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica ussuriensis monogynous
- Formica villiscapa
- Formica vinculans 2 countries monogynous
- Formica wheeleri Wheeler's Field Ant 2 countries monogynous
- Formica xerophila 2 countries monogynous
- Formica yessensis 2 countries polygynousoptionally polygynous
- Formica yoshiokae
- Formica zherikhini Fossil